Antonieta de Barros, a parlamentar negra pioneira que criou o Dia do Professor.

Nasceu em Desterro, como era chamada Florianópolis, no dia 11 de julho de 1901. No registro de batismo, na Cúria Metropolitana, realizado pelo Padre Francisco Topp, não aparece o nome do pai. A mãe era Catarina Waltrich, escrava liberta. No imaginário popular, a verdadeira paternidade estaria ligada à família Ramos, uma das mais tradicionais do Estado.

A bandeira política de Antonieta era o poder revolucionário e libertador da educação para todos. O analfabetismo em Santa Catarina, em 1922, época que começou a lecionar, era de 65%. Isso que o Estado, sobretudo pela presença alemã, aparecia com um dos índices mais altos de escolarização do país, seguidos por São Paulo.

Catarina teve três filhos e os sustentava como lavadeira, serviço comum às mulheres negras da época. Também teve, com a ajuda financeira de Vidal Ramos, uma pequena pensão para estudantes. Foram esses jovens que ensinaram as letras tardiamente para a curiosa Antonieta. Alfabetizada, mergulhou por conta própria no universo dos livros. Professora formada, tinha 17 anos quando fundou o curso particular “Antonieta de Barros”, com o objetivo de combater o analfabetismo de adultos carentes. Sua crença era que a educação era a única arma capaz de libertar os desfavorecidos da servidão. Sua fama de excelente profissional, no entanto, fez com que lecionasse também para a elite nos Colégio Coração de Jesus, Dias Velho e Catarinense.

Sua defesa acirrada pela educação fez com que ocupasse as páginas dos jornais. Além de professora, virou cronista. Não havia outra mulher em posição semelhante no Estado. Em 23 anos de contribuição à imprensa escreveu mais de mil artigos em oito veículos e criou a revista Vida Ilhoa.

De seus opositores nos jornais e nas bancadas, ouviu que “mulheres não deveriam opinar, pois nasceram para servir”, “que a natureza não dá saltos, cada ser deve conservar-se no seu setor, e a finalidade da mulher é ser mãe e ser rainha do lar” e que “não seguisse o exemplo de Anita Garibaldi, uma vagabunda”.

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